The bitter gourd alias is cold melon, koi, and melon. It is the fruit of Momordica charantia L.. The unripe bitter gourd fresh or dried slices can be used as medicine. It has heat-clearing and detoxifying, nourishing and strong, eyesight and relief. The lack of efficacy can reduce blood sugar, anti-AIDS, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-viral and have an impact on immune activity. In recent years, the hypoglycemic effect of bitter gourd has received much attention and has been extensively studied and widely used in Asian countries such as India, China, and Japan. In India, bitter gourd is considered to be one of the most effective and researched botanicals for the treatment of diabetes and its complications.

Domestic and foreign scholars have used different methods to separate and extract the edible parts of bitter gourd, and isolated glycosides, proteins, peptides, amino acids, sugars, alkaloids, organic acids, lipids, terpenoids, anthraquinones from bitter gourd. A variety of chemical components such as trace elements, among which the active components of hypoglycemic action are mainly triterpenoids, phytosterols, glycosides, steroids and peptides, among which triterpenoids are the main component of the hypoglycemic effect of bitter gourd. The mites are mainly found in the fruit and seeds of bitter gourd. Four compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of dried fruit of bitter gourd, and identified by managerial and spectroscopic methods to determine that three of them were tetracyclic triterpenoids of cucurbitacin, namely momordicoside F1, G and I. By 1999, bitter melon saponins F1, F2, G, H, I, K, L had been isolated from the fruit of bitter gourd, and bitter gourd saponins A, B, c, D, E were isolated from the seeds of bitter gourd; the chemical structure of each component It is completely clear. Studies have shown that bitter melon saponin has obvious hypoglycemic effect on diabetic model rabbits, and has been identified as an effective component of bitter melon to lower blood sugar. Charantin is an isomeric mixture of β-sitosterol-β-D glucoside and 5,25-myristate-3-β-D glucoside, extracted from the ethanol extract of bitter gourd dried ethanol. Partially isolated and purified, with significant hypoglycemic activity.

At present, although the bitter gourd extract is introduced into the market with the content of the active ingredient bitter melon saponin, many manufacturers do not have the detection method of the active ingredient bitter gourd saponin. Since the molecular structure of bitter gourd saponin and ginsenoside is somewhat similar, many manufacturers All the ginseng saponins are used as the standard for the UV detection of bitter gourd. Even some manufacturers in order to increase the content of bitter gourd saponin, ginsenosides in the bitter gourd extract, to reduce the efficacy of bitter gourd lowering blood sugar, we have passed the recent years Research, high-performance liquid chromatography can be used to detect bitter gourd extract, which can control the quality of bitter gourd extract.